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Fiber reactive dyes are dyes used to color cellulosic and protein fibers such as cotton, rayon and soy. The dyestuff bonds to the fibers through a chemical reaction and does not require the use of mordants. Therefore, direct dyes require less salts and heavy metals to be used to achieve optimal coloration and fixation than other commodity dyestuffs. When used correctly, this can reduce not only the salt and metal content of the effluent, but also the quantity of water used to remove excess dye and the amount of dye run off.

Azo-free colorants are dyes and pigments that are free of the nitrogen-based compounds aromatic amines, also referred to as "Azos". These compounds are toxic and banned in the EU due to their...

A weave in which the filling fibers go over many warp fibers before going under a warp fiber, creating the illusion that the fibers are floating, and creating fabric that is very shiny but easily...

Coarse, canvas-like fabric usually made of jute, but can be made of hemp, or cotton. Sometimes called gunny. Used primarily for bale coverings and sacks and bags. Also used in furniture, drapery,...

A type of fiber dyeing in which colored pigments are injected into the spinning solution prior to the extrusion of the fiber through the spinneret. Fibers and yarns colored in this manner are...

There are two basic methods for applying bonding or welded seams. The first method uses an adhesive film, and the application of heat to glue or laminate two substrates together. The second method...