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A term that applies to the number of turns and the direction that two yarns are turned during the manufacturing process. The yarn twist brings the fibers close together and makes them compact. It helps the fibers adhere to one another, increasing yarn strength. The direction and amount of yarn twist helps determine appearance, performance, durability of both yarns and the subsequent fabric or textile product. Single yarns may be twisted to the right (S twist) or to the left (Z twist). Generally, woolen and worsted yarns are S-twist, while cotton and flax yarns are typically Z-twist. Twist is generally expressed as turns per inch (tpi), turns per meter (tpm), or turns per centimeter (tpc).

The number of turns about its axis per unit of length of a yarn or other textile strand.

The winding of yarn around itself. More twist improves carpet performance, especially in a cut pile carpet.

Woven and non-woven material used underneath the item or fabric being embroidered to provide support and stability. Can be hooped with the item, or placed between the machine throat plate and the...

The process of dyeing long continuous ropes of full width fabrics in machines that use a combination of pulleys and high pressure jets of dye liquor to propel fabrics around the machine. The most...

Denotes the spacing of ends or picks, or both, and is expressed as the number of threads per centimetre. NOTE: The state of the fabric at the time should be described, e.g. loom, grey,...

Shaded or directional design that requires all parts of the garment to be cut in the same direction. May result from the print or weave of the fabric or the way the fabric is made. Velvet,...

Usually a plain weave, mercerized fabric made of long staple cotton which when treated with dope is used as airplane fabric to cover wings, fuselage or tails. Also used for boys’ suits, shirtings,...