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Fiber reactive dyes are dyes used to color cellulosic and protein fibers such as cotton, rayon and soy. The dyestuff bonds to the fibers through a chemical reaction and does not require the use of mordants. Therefore, direct dyes require less salts and heavy metals to be used to achieve optimal coloration and fixation than other commodity dyestuffs. When used correctly, this can reduce not only the salt and metal content of the effluent, but also the quantity of water used to remove excess dye and the amount of dye run off.

An old form of lithographic printing, for embroidery transfers. The design was transferred from the tissue paper on which it was printed, usually by ironing. Thick enamel-like pigments were employed...

Use of Kalam (or pen) inpatterning the fabrics through the medium of vegetable dyes that this term Kalamkaribecame widely known later as a trade term. Isused fordecorative or functional...

Cloth or fabric is a flexible artificial material made up of a network of natural or artificial fibres (thread or yarn) formed by weaving or knitting (textiles), or pressed into felt. Cloth is most...

The force necessary to tear a fabric, measured by the force necessary to start or continue a tear in a fabric. Expressed in pounds or in grams, the most commonly used method for determining the tear...

The place in the mill where goods are taken after weaving for inspection and repair. Examiners mark all defects, large or small with chalk; blemishes are also noted. If need be, brushing, shearing,...